The Effectiveness of Platelet-Rich Plasma in the Treatment of Tendinopathy

Comparison of Conventional Dose Versus Superdose Platelet-Rich Plasma for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Prospective, Triple-Blind, Randomized Clinical Trial

Efficacy of Platelet-Rich Plasma in the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Is platelet-rich plasma effective for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis? A systematic review and meta-analysis of level 1 and 2 randomized controlled trials

Platelet-Rich Plasma Versus Hyaluronic Acid for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Platelet-rich plasma injections delay the need for knee arthroplasty: a retrospective study and survival analysis

Clinical therapy of platelet-rich plasma vs hyaluronic acid injections in patients with knee osteoarthritis

Platelet-Rich Plasma Versus Alternative Injections for Osteoarthritis of the Knee: A Systematic Review and Statistical Fragility Index–Based Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Efficacy of Platelet-Rich Plasma for Chronic Tennis Elbow: A Double-Blind, Prospective, Multicenter, Randomized Controlled Trial of 230 Patients

Platelet-rich plasma versus Tenex in the treatment of medial and lateral epicondylitis

Platelet-Rich Plasma Is an Equal Alternative to Surgery in the Treatment of Type 1 Medial Epicondylitis

Leucocyte-Rich Platelet-Rich Plasma Treatment of Gluteus Medius and Minimus Tendinopathy: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial With 2-Year Follow-up

Effect of High-Volume Injection, Platelet-Rich Plasma, and Sham Treatment in Chronic Midportion Achilles Tendinopathy: A Randomized Double-Blinded Prospective Study

The use of lumbar epidural injection of platelet lysate for treatment of radicular pain

Therapeutic Injection of Dextrose: Prolotherapy, Perineural Injection Therapy and Hydrodissection

Dextrose Prolotherapy: A Narrative Review of Basic Science, Clinical Research, and Best Treatment Recommendations

Prolotherapy injections and eccentric loading exercises for painful Achilles tendinosis: a randomized trial

Akpancar S, Gül D. Comparison of Platelet Rich Plasma and Prolotherapy in the Management of Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Med Sci Monit. 2019 Jul 30;25:5640-5647. doi: 10.12659/MSM.914111. PMID: 31358724; PMCID: PMC6685325.

The Efficacy of Platelet Rich Plasma and Prolotherapy in Chondromalacia Patella Treatment

Abd Elghany SE, Al Ashkar DS, El-Barbary AM, El Khouly RM, Aboelhawa MA, Nada DW, Darwish NF, Hussein MS, Ragah ES, Abo-Zaid MH, Elseoky IF, Afifi S. Regenerative injection therapy and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in primary fibromyalgia treatment: A comparative study. J Back Musculoskel Rehabil 2019;32:55-62.

Reeves KD, Hassanein K. Randomized prospective placebo controlled double blind study of dextrose prolotherapy for osteoarthritic thumbs and finger (DIP, PIP and Trapeziometacarpal) joints: Evidence of Clinical Efficacy. Jnl Alt Compl Med 2000;6(4):311-320.

Jahangiri A, Moghaddam FR, Najafi S. Hypertonic dextrose versus corticosteroid local injection for the treatment of osteoarthritis in the first carpometacarpal joint: a double-blind randomized clinical trial. J Orthop Sci. 2014;19(5):737-743.

Metaanalysis: Hung CY, Hsiao MY, Chang KV, Han DS, Wang TG.Comparative effectiveness of dextrose prolotherapy versus control injections and exercise in the management of osteoarthritis pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Pain Res. 2016;9:847-857.

Orsçelik A, Akpancar S. Treatment of Osteoarthritis Secondary to Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip with Prolotherapy Injection versus a Supervised Progressive Exercise Control. Med Sci Monit. 2020 Feb 11;26:e919166. doi: 10.12659/MSM.919166. PMID: 32045406; PMCID: PMC7034518.

Reeves KD, Hassanein K. Randomized prospective double-blind placebo-controlled study of dextrose prolotherapy for knee osteoarthritis with or without ACL laxity  Alt Ther Hlth Med 2000;6(2):68-80.

Dumais R, Benoit C, Dumais A, et al. Effect of regenerative injection therapy on function and pain in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized crossover study. Pain Med. 2012;13(8):990-999.

Rabago D, Patterson JJ, Mundt M, et al. Dextrose prolotherapy for knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial. Annals of family medicine 2013;11:229-37.

Sit RWS, Wu RWK, Rabago D, Reeves KD, Chan DCC, Yip BHK, Chung VCH, Wong SYS. Efficacy of Intra-Articular Hypertonic Dextrose (Prolotherapy) for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Ann Fam Med. 2020 May;18(3):235-242.

Sert AT, Sen EI, Esmaeilzadeh S, Ozcan E. The Effects of Dextrose Prolotherapy in Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Controlled Study. J Altern Complement Med. 2020 May;26(5):409-417.

Chowdhury ZR, Mohammed SA, Khasru MR, et al. Pain and functional outcome with single dose 25% dextrose intra-articular injection in patients with primary osteoarthritis of the knee. Journal of Dhaka Medical College 2021;29:138-44.

Rabago D, Lee KS, Ryan M, et al. Hypertonic dextrose and morrhuate sodium injections (prolotherapy) for lateral epicondylosis (tennis elbow): results of a single-blind, pilot-level, randomized controlled trial. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2013;92:587-96.

Metaanalysis: Dong W, Goost H, Lin XB, et al. Injection therapies for lateral epicondylalgia: a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med. 2016;50(15):900-908.

Yelland MJ, Glasziou PP, Bogduk N, et al. Prolotherapy injections, saline injections, and exercises for chronic low-back pain: a randomized trial. Spine 2004;29:9-16.

Kim WM, Lee HG, Jeong CW, et al. A randomized controlled trial of intra-articular prolotherapy versus steroid injection for sacroiliac joint pain. J Altern Complement Med 2010;16:1285-90. 

Dagenais S, Mayer J, Haldeman S, et al. Evidence-informed management of chronic low back pain with prolotherapy. Spine J 2008;8:203-12

Topol GA, Podesta LA, Reeves KD, et al. Hyperosmolar dextrose injection for recalcitrant Osgood-Schlatter disease. Pediatrics 2011;128:e1121-8

Wu Z, Tu X, Tu Z. Hyperosmolar dextrose injection for Osgood–Schlatter disease: a double-blind, randomized controlled trial. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 202110.1007/s00402-021-04223-1.

Karakilic GD, Aras PDM, Buyuk F, Bakirci ES. Prolotherapy Versus Phonophoresis and Corticosteroid Injections for the Treatment of Plantar Fasciitis: A Randomized, Double-Blind Clinical Trial. J Foot Ankle Surg. 2023

Mansiz-Kaplan B, Nacir B, Pervane-Vural S, Duyur-Cakit B, Genc H. Effect of dextrose prolotherapy on pain intensity, disability, and plantar fascia thickness in unilateral plantar fasciitis: A randomized, controlled, double-blind study. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2020;99:318-24.

Ersen O, Akpancar S, Seven MM, Akyildiz F, Yildiz Y, Ozkan H. A randomized-controlled trial of prolotherapy injections in the treatment of plantar fasciitis. Turk J Phys Med Rehab 2018;64:59-65.

Atlas EU, Askin A, Tosun A. Is hypertonic dextrose injection effective in the treatment of plantar fasciitis: A clinical randomized study.

Kim E, Lee JH. Autologous platelet-rich plasma versus dextrose prolotherapy for the treatment of chronic recalcitrant plantar fasciitis. PMR 2014;6:152-8.

Bertrand H, Reeves KD, Bennett CJ, et al. Dextrose Prolotherapy Versus Control Injections in Painful Rotator Cuff Tendinopathy. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2016;97:17-25.

Seven MM, Ersen O, Akpancar S, et al. Effectiveness of prolotherapy in the treatment of chronic rotator cuff lesions. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2017;103(3):427-433. 

Mustafa R, Güngörmüş M, Mollaoğlu N. Evaluation of the Efficacy of Different Concentrations of Dextrose Prolotherapy in Temporomandibular Joint Hypermobility Treatment. J Craniofac Surg. 2018 Jul;29(5):e461-e465. 

Louw WF, Burrils F, Reeves KD, Cheng AL, Rabago D. Treatment of temporomandibular dysfunction with dextrose prolotherapy: A randomized controlled trial with long term follow-up Mayo Clin Proc 2019;pii: S0025-6196(18)30678-5. 

Zarate MA, Frusso RD, Reeves KD, Cheng AL, Rabago D. Dextrose Prolotherapy Versus Lidocaine Injection for Temporomandibular Dysfunction: A Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial. J Altern Complement Med. 2020 Nov;26(11):1064-1073. doi: 10.1089/acm.2020.0207. Epub 2020 Aug 11. PMID: 32780636.

Perineural basic science and mechanism 

Six-month Efficacy of Perineural Dextrose for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Trial Yung-Tsan Wu, MD; Tsung-Yen Ho, MD; Yu-Ching Chou, PhD; Ming-Jen Ke, MD; Tsung-Ying Li, MD; Chia-Kuang Tsai, MD; and Liang-Cheng Chen, MD

Wu YT, Ke MJ, Ho TY, Li TY, Shen YP, Chen LC. Randomized double-blinded clinical trial of 5% dextrose versus triamcinolone injection for carpal tunnel syndrome patients. Ann Neurol 2018;84:601-10.

Shen YP, Li TY, Chou YC, Ho TY, Ke MJ, Chen LC, Wu YT. Comparison of perineural platelet-rich plasma and dextrose injections for moderate carpal tunnel syndrome: A prospective randomized, single-blind, head-to-head comparative trial. J Tissue Eng Regen Med. 2019 Nov;13(11):2009-2017. doi: 10.1002/term.2950. Epub 2019 Aug 20. PMID: 31368191.

Aghaei, S., Khosrawi, S., Hoseini, S.G. et al. Local Injection of 5% Dextrose Versus Triamcinolone in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: a Randomized Clinical Trial. SN Compr. Clin. Med. 4, 4 (2022). 

Babaei-Ghazani A, Moradnia S, Azar M, Forogh B, Ahadi T, Chaibakhsh S, Khodabandeh M, Eftekharsadat B. Ultrasound-guided 5% dextrose prolotherapy versus corticosteroid injection in carpal tunnel syndrome: a randomized, controlled clinical trial. Pain Manag. 2022 Sep;12(6):687-697. doi: 10.2217/pmt-2022-0018. Epub 2022 Jul 18. PMID: 35848821.

Analgesic Effect and Potential Cumulative Benefit from Caudal Epidural D5W in Consecutive Participants with Chronic Low-Back and Buttock/Leg Pain

Alpha-2-macroglobulin: A2M inhibits inflammatory mediators of chondrocytes by blocking IL-1β/NF-κB pathway